Jeu De Cartes Union soviétique

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, ce qui a socialist on theState esévasiglement existe en 1922 et 1991, governed as a single-party state by the communist Moscow as capital.A union of multiple sous-national soviet républics, government and economy were highly centralized The Soviet Union se trouvaient dans les roots dans la Révolution de Russian de 1917, which deposed the imperial autocracy. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, then overthrew the Provisional Government. The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was established et the Russian Civil War Began. The Red Armyentered several territories of the former Russian Empire and helped local communists seize power. En 1922, les Bolsheviks were victorious, forming the Soviet Union with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian et Byelorussian republics. Following Lenin's death in 1924, a troika collective leadership and a lettre power struggle, Joseph Stalin cambriolant to power in the mid-1920 s. Staline committed the state idéology to marxism-Leninism and initiated a centrally planned economy. As a result, the country underwent a period of rapid industrialisation and collectivisation which laid the base for its later war effort and dominance after World War II. In the wake of the spread of fascism through Europe, Staline repressed both Party members and element of the creating of the atmosphere of political paranoia and establishing a system of correctional labour camps. In the start ing of World War II, the Soviet Union signale une non-agression pact with Nazi Germany, initially avoiding combattre, but the treaty was disregarded in 1941 when the nazis invaded, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of combat in history . Soviet était accounted casualties for the highest proportion of the conflict, in the cost to acquire the upper hand over Axis at intenses batles such as Stalingrad, éventuelle driving through Eastern Europe and capturing Berlin, en 1945, inflicting the vast vast of majority of German losses. Soviet occupied territoriory conquered from Axis forces in Central and Eastern Europe besatellite states of the Eastern Bloc. Idéological and political differences with Western counterparties directed by the United States led to the forming of economic and military pacts, culminating in the prolonged Cold War. A de-Stalinization period followed Stalin's death, reducing the harshest aspects of society. The Soviet Union then went on to initiate significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including launching the first ever satellite and world's first human spaceflight, which led it into the Space Race. Crisis marked a period of extremtension between the deux superpowers, considered the closest to a mutual nuclear confrontation. Dans les années 1970, a relaxation of relations followed, but relever resumed with the Soviet invasion de l'Afghanistan en 1979. The occupation drained economic resources and dragged on without achieving meaningful political results. Dans les derniers 1980 s the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform the Union and move in the direction of Nordic-Style social democracy, ntroducing the policies of glasnost and perestroika in attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and democratize the government. However, this led to the rise of strong national and séparatist moïst. Central authorities initiated a referendum, boycotted by the Baltic républics and Georgia, which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favour of preserving the Union as a renewed federation. En août 1991, un coup d'État, un attempted by hardliners against Gorbachev, with the intention of reversing his policies. The coup failed, avec le président de Russian Boris Yeltsin playing a high-profile role in facing down the coup, resulting in the banning of the communist Party. Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve programmes républics emerged om the Soviet states independent post-Soviet. The Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) assumed the Soviet'Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as its its continued legal personality.